To assist or mislead us Essay Example For Students

To help or misdirect us Essay This is ordinarily found in business commercials, for example, the one delineated prior, or as media correspondence like news channels that are intended to hold a watcher’s consideration, now and again, by causing neurosis. Such data could some of the time be mostly evident however by saying that one out of each two individuals wearing a burkha, whom you stroll by out and about is a psychological militant, brain research is utilized to cause dread and along these lines hold one’s regard for the bathroom tissue advert soon to come up. Weapon deals, because of this post 9/11 soar as individuals were neurotic to the point that they would take any gauge to secure themselves. In such a case, factors, for example, being in Afghanistan are not characterized and a measurement like this without anyone else, albeit telling the incomplete truth, is disguised on the interlaced utilization of language and there is thus a decent possibility that the basic data is lost and such control could make people’s impression of the measurement wrong. So in such a situation, one should take a gander at the authentic foundation that came about into the proper recompense of a specific measurement, for instance, the way that America as a country had a negative connection because of which a specific race was accused ought to be addressed. One ought to assess the degree of precision of correspondence the nation’s broad communications utilizes. The way that business media could utilize people’s suspicion to improve their TRPs shouldn’t be overlooked. Besides the individual examining the measurement ought to guarantee that the person in question stays receptive and doesn’t unwittingly control the measurement to support one’s self absorbed objectives. Insights assume a solid job in communicating the manner in which history is needed to be seen by individuals. Human mediation in insights could obscure the genuine pith of reality of the time being referred to. So as to depict to individuals that Hitler was a merciless despot, it is just common that the most exceedingly awful influenced race, the Jews would make him seem as though the most exceedingly awful individual he could be appeared as. Measurements could obscure reality likewise. By saying more than 20 million Jews were killed at German inhumane imprisonments, one would imagine that Hitler was the most merciless pioneer ever, in actuality, they do think so. Be that as it may, nobody saw the three point one million Vietnamese lives that were taken during the Vietnam War by America. The negative pretended by measurements for this situation is somewhat obvious. The memorable insights instructed in schools in the biggest colonizer, Great Britain, would not educate through measurements like; they mass killed 6,000,000 Sikh tranquil demonstrators in India. Rather they would discuss the streets they worked in the nation, 75% of which despite everything exist today, therefore overlooking the way that they regarded the locals as slaves in their own country to get the work done(1). For this situation measurements just tell the halfway truth since they will in general sustain the student into making misrepresentations about the topic that the British colonization was without a doubt the best thing that at any point happened to the region countries and all their outside exercises were sure. Purposeful publicity and previous history with the topic ought to likewise be valued. For instance, the British understudies would think their administration was the best thing that could have ever happened to any colonized state yet it could have been something else. Individuals may express that even events like the Vietnam war and afterward Sikh mass homicide have their measurements recorded in verifiable books, however the extent and promulgation moving the incomplete realities is such a great amount of higher than that of every bit of relevant information that this as I would see it nullifies the point of having a measurement in any case the way that you as a peruser may have not referred to this before the read fills in as immediate confirmation. I accept such measurements obscure reality to such a degree, that they shouldn’t be paid notice to. Such examination is additionally vital in the judgment of factual unwavering quality. .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .postImageUrl , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:hover , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:visited , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:active { border:0!important; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:active , .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u299474d4abe47a610b a0c4b213737d87 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u299474d4abe47a610ba0c4b213737d87:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Contrast Of Romeo And Juliet A West Side Story EssaySo now the topic of ethical quality tags along, is it ethically right to obscure measurements and subsequently not lie, however control reality in such a way, that it is taken a gander at in an unexpected way? I accept this identifies with the effect it has on society. One may believe that insights utilized in commercial battles may not so much be valid, yet they do no mischief, in any case, such empower commercialization culture that is likewise reflected by conduct, for example, the over utilization of quick nourishments driving both to unexpected frailty and expanded shortage of assets. Government mediation confining control of specific insights ought to likewise be endured. In arithmetic, one may imagine that insights incredibly help in model creation and the improvement of excessively complex situations, however even here, if the factors are not paid notice to, measurements may make one stray from reality. Ever, in spite of the fact that it assists onlookers with getting a gauge regarding what more likely than not occurred, it is exceptionally inclined to human intercession. In this manner, I advocate for an elective use whenever given a decision. Be that as it may, If insights must be utilized, one ought to assess them with the devices referenced in the paper. References: 1)www. NDTVindia. com â€Å"The streets worked during the British provincial occasions are as yet working but then the ones built recently in the NCR district are harmed. 75% of the streets despite everything working in India were worked during the frontier times. † 2)www. google. com (perusers digest or something†¦. not certain) â€Å"3. 1 million Vietnamese lives were taken during the Vietnam war. †

Hydro One – Essay

Hydro one causes it to investigate the dangers and openings in a coordinated way to improve the allotment of assets. It additionally empowers it to get ready for the changing corporate administration prerequisites, deregulation of business sectors and future dangers Like OLL spill and so on. The procedure of ERM at Hydro one includes the distinguishing proof of 50-70 business dangers which are then decreased to ten most noteworthy dangers through meetings and center groups.Voting is cultivated utilizing the Delphi Method to rapidly recognize and organize dangers dependent on the lighted and likelihood so as to concentrate on significant dangers. Five point hazard resistance scale from Minor to most pessimistic scenario Is utilized to evaluate the Impact of a hazard on the corporate targets and five point likelihood rating scale is utilized to assess the likelihood of the hazard appearing. Every speculation program is assessed as far as the expense and seriousness of the hazard It end eavors to mitigate.Capital uses are dispensed to the organize venture ventures as per the best generally chance decrease per dollar spent (Bang for the buck file). Generally speaking danger score is relegated to every mix of effect and likelihood appraisal. It is a sound and better-planned procedure for allotting capital as: 1 . It improves the capital use process and can enable the firm to choose an ideal arrangement of ventures. 2. It empowers the firm to assign the obligation to deal with the hazard to the hazard proprietor while making hazard mindfulness a vital piece of organization culture. . The organization FICO assessment given by S&P, Moody improved bringing about lower credit costs for the numerous as the organization displayed Improvements in effectiveness. 4. The procedure considers the advantages of hazard decrease In a wide array of hazard classes (administrative, money related, dependability, wellbeing, notoriety) and evaluates the subjective effect of different dangers too. 5. It enables the organization to accomplish an ideal harmony between business dangers and returns.Thus, the ERM usage process utilizes an assortment of apparatuses and procedures, including the â€Å"Delphi Method,† hazard patterns, chance maps, chance resiliences, chance tops off, and chance rankings and so forth. It has prevailing With regards to conquering a large portion of the issues as follows: * The utilization of Delphi technique encourages open conversations and makes administrators shed their inflexible perspectives and build up a typical comprehension of the dangers. They can agree on the corporate arrangement for proportioning activity and the assets to oversee such dangers. The consideration of top administration is made sure about by upholding that chance administration Is everybody's obligation, from the Board of Directors to singular representatives. The characterization of dangers empowers the administrative consideration regarding be focused on high hazard factors. * As dangers are ceaselessly advancing and the greatness and likelihood of a specific hazard is influenced by the Internal controls (alleviation endeavors before) just as the outer changes In the earth. In this way, checking and announcing are major to viable administration of business risks.Hydro one occupied with broad audits and 1 OFF Incorporated outside perspectives In ten corporate rills babble Walt ten Nell AT appends room different sources like workshops, media filters alongside organized meetings with the best 40 to 50 officials together. * Regulatory consistence is guaranteed through a different characterization of administrative dangers and potential loss of believability. In this way, the hazard based venture arranging framework has yielded numerous advantages for the firm, yet as the dangers looked by the firm are changing, the organization consistently needs to consolidate those dangers in its ERM framework so as to prevail with regards to accompl ishing its methodology.

Crisis in the Financial Markets SIPA Experts Speak Out COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Crisis in the Financial Markets SIPA Experts Speak Out COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The faculty at SIPA includes some of the worlds leading scholars on international relations, democratization, elections, demography, and social policy, among many other subjects. A former mayor of New York City, a judge on the World Trade Organization appellate body, and the former director of the U.S. Census are among the senior practitioners who help shape the research agendas and curriculum of SIPA. SIPA and the Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD) recently presented a panel discussion: The Crisis in Financial Markets: Impacts on Emerging Markets and Future Consequences.” Panelists included faculty member Joseph Stiglitz (Nobel Prize in Economics), faculty member Richard Robb (PhD University of Chicago), and Christian Deseglise (SIPA Graduate). The panel was moderated by faculty member José Antonio Ocampo (Former United Nations Under-Secretary General for Economic and Social Affairs). To view the full panel discussion, please click here.

Gas Tax Essay - 713 Words

The topic of this paper is gasoline prices and higher state sales tax. According to Stephen Singer’s article(Aug 24,2017), ITEP’S research reports(July,2017), (July,2017),(Aug 2011), and(December 2011), the authors tell the reader the consequences of higher taxes on sales and gasoline in Connecticut and the solution to reduce tax burden on low income family. In Singer’s article, Connecticut legislators are deciding to increase sales tax from it’s current to 6.85% to fix a budget deficit, estimated to reach $3.5 billion in two years and improve state aid to towns. Retailers and consumers criticize the decision and thinks â€Å"it would hurt consumers and hurt retailers† (Tim Phelan). ITEP’S research report(Aug 2011), sales and†¦show more content†¦This quotes shows that, upper income families are not affected by the tax, but people who cannot afford. Comparing Connecticut’s gas tax to other states shows that, Conn ecticut’s gas tax is not among the highest. According to the graph provided by ITEPS research report (July 2017), Connecticut’s four percent gas tax is higher than certain states such as Kentucky, South Dakota, and Michigan, but lower than other states such as Alaska, Louisiana and New Mexico. If Connecticut decides to increase its state gas tax to fix its budget crisis and grow it economy, will encourage government spending. There will be an abundant flow of money to maintain transportation systems and also public project. 2. Excise tax is a sales tax based on the unit of goods and services purchased by individuals. Many state and government officials impose this tax on certain goods such as gasoline, alcohol, tobacco and other product to generate tax revenue. Excise tax can be levied on either the buyer or seller. When the tax is levied on the buyer, the prices of goods increases and the quantity demanded by consumers decline .Show MoreRelatedEssay O n Gas Tax1301 Words   |  6 Pages2011), higher sales and gas tax in Connecticut have consequences and a solution proposed to reduce tax burden on low income family. Based on the readings and my understanding of this topic, I conclude that increasing sales and gas taxes in Connecticut to fix a budget crisis will be financially harmful to low income families and needs to be address with the new policy. Singer(Aug 24,2017), pointed out that, Connecticut legislators are deciding to increase the sales tax from its current level toRead MoreEssay On Gas Tax826 Words   |  4 Pages Reaction Paper The topic of this paper is Gasoline prices and potentially higher state sales tax. According to Stephen Singer’s article (2017, August 24); Connecticut legislators are deciding to raise the state sales tax and gas prices from its current rate to 6.85% to close a budget gap that’s predicted to reach $3.5 billion over two years to help lower state aid cut to towns. I disagree with the decision the legislatures of Connecticut are making to fix a budget gap with higherRead MoreEssay On Gas Tax1357 Words   |  6 Pages2011), higher sales and gas tax in Connecticut have consequences and a solution proposed to reduce tax burden on low income family. Based on the readings and my understanding of this topic, I conclude that increasing sales and gas taxes in Connecticut to fix a budget crisis will be financially harmful to low income families and needs to be address with the new policy. Singer(August 24,2017), pointed out that, Connecticut legislators are deciding to increase t he sales tax from its current level toRead MoreEssay On Gas Tax1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of this paper is gasoline prices and higher state sales tax. According to Singers(Aug 24,2017), ITEP’S (July,2017), (July,2017),(Aug 2011), and(December 2011), higher sales and gas tax in Connecticut have consequences and a solution proposed to reduce tax burden on low income family. Based on the readings and my understanding of this topic, I conclude that increasing sales and gas taxes in Connecticut to fix a budget crisis will be financially harmful to low income families and needsRead MoreEssay about America Needs a Larger Gas Tax800 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica Needs a Larger Gas Tax Don’t you hate driving up to the gas station to fill up your car with gasoline only to see that the price has risen again. You stand there stunned for a moment. Just long enough for the rage to build up and compell you to go into a frenzy of screaming obsceneties. Yes, it is a scene that happens all across the country, but, I think I can offer some words of advice: Get used to it. You may hate the gas prices now but if I had my way I would raiseRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Globes Meat Consumption1363 Words   |  6 Pageschange. This is important for international relations because animal agriculture effects trade, global food security and the global economy. With the population growing at a rapid pace the demand on animal agricuture is also rapidly increasing. This essay will discuss the consequences of the globes meat consumption and the challenge it poses to international relations. It will then go on to discuss the way the international community should address global food security while reducing the animal agricultureRead MoreWays to Reduce Smoke from Vehicles1544 Words   |  6 Pagessolution to this is to simply change the fuel that we use; become more efficient in using the fuel we use now or, in some cases completely remove the need for fuel. Vehicles such as these use electricity, hydrogen, or hybrid vehicles. But in this essay I will onl y talk about electric and hybrid vehicles. For that the use hydrogen as fuel is still at such an early stage of its process it is not yet easily accessible at the moment. As for electric vehicles and hybrids they are making a bigger and biggerRead MoreWhy British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase Price On Carbon Tax1245 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduced carbon tax on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to reduce global warming. Starting from $10 per tonne of CO2, the price was increasing annually till it reached $30 per tonne in 2012. During that period British Columbia was reducing harmful emissions and improving economy comparing to the rest of Canada. However, since the price rise on carbon stopped in 2012, no improving changes in cutting emissions, economy, and overall quality of life have been noticed. In this essay I will persuade thatRead MoreFactors And Challenges Of The Oil And Gas Industry1455 Words   |  6 PagesChallenges to the Oil and Gas Industry Dr. Saman Aryana â€Æ' Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....2 Challenges to Oil and Gas Sector†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Worsening Fiscal Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Conventional Reserves in Challenging Areas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Environmental and Health Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Issues Related to Petroleum on Economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4-5 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 â€Æ' Introduction Oil and Gas sector is one of theRead MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Name : Tinglin Zhang Subject : AFFIN102A Principle of economics and economic theory in practice Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today is the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry in the development of economy and society. As the Kazakhstan’s oil industry is speeding developing, becoming one

Support Vector Machine ( Svm ) - 767 Words

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is primarily a classier method that performs classification tasks by constructing hyperplanes in a multidimensional space that separates cases of different class labels. SVM supports both regression and classification tasks and can handle multiple continuous and categorical variables. For categorical variables a dummy variable is created with case values as either 0 or 1. Thus, a categorical dependent variable consisting of three levels, say (A, B, C), is represented by a set of three dummy variables: A:{1 0 0}, B: {0 1 0}, c:{0 0 1} To construct an optimal hyperplane, SVM employs an iterative training algorithm, which is used to minimize an error function. According to the form of the error function, SVM models can be classified into four distinct groups: †¢ Classification SVM Type 1 (also known as C-SVM classification) †¢ Classification SVM Type 2 (also known as nu-SVM classification) †¢ Regression SVM Type 1 (also known as epsilon-SVM regression) †¢ Regression SVM Type 2 (also known as nu-SVM regression) C. Dataset The dataset for ECG signals are obtained from MIT-BIH pyhsionet database. There were two databeses present in the website, one was Normal Sinus Rhythm database(NSR), and other was sudden cardiac death(SCD) database. In this database it had one hour of each pateints ECG record, where 30 minutes were prior to cardiac arrest. Every 5 minutes of ECG srignal were used to record HRV, and thus keeping a window size of 10 minutes, HRV valuesShow MoreRelatedThe Support Vector Machine ( Svm )1426 Words   |  6 Pages2.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) The support vector machines are supervised learning models, derived from statistical learning theory (Vapnik 1995) that analyze data and recognize pattern. SVM effectively perform non-linear classification by using kernel functions, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional spaces. This makes it a suitable tool in predicting the compressive strength of concrete which is non-linearly related to its mix ingredients. In the SVM model, the training data isRead MoreSupport Vector Machines On Distributed Computers1452 Words   |  6 Pages PSVM: Parallelizing Support Vector Machines on Distributed Computers Edward Y. Changâˆâ€", Kaihua Zhu, Hao Wang, Hongjie Bai, Jian Li, Zhihuan Qiu, Hang Cui Google Research, Beijing, China Abstract Support Vector Machines (SVMs) suffer from a widely recognized scalability problem in both memory use and computational time. To improve scalability, we have developed a parallel SVM algorithm (PSVM), which reduces memory use through performing a row-based, approximate matrix factorization, and which loadsRead MoreParallel Support Vector Machines Is A Supervised Machine Learning Alogrithom Used For Classification1158 Words   |  5 Pages Parallel Support Vector Machine Junfeng Wu Junming Chen May 6, 2016 1 INTRODUCTION Support vector machines is a supervised machine learning alogrithom used for classification. The problem could be written : minimize 1 |w |2 2 yi((w,xi)+b)−1≠¥0 where w is a linear combination of the training data: n w = ÃŽ ±i k(xi ) i=1 this could be further written in a dual form[5]: min 1ÃŽ ±TQÃŽ ±Ã¢Ë†â€™eTÃŽ ± ÃŽ ±2 0≠¤ÃŽ ±i ≠¤C, yTÃŽ ±=0, ∀i ≠¤n where Q is the kernel matrix. This dual form is a quadratic programming problem with linearRead MoreMulti Features Advanced Support Vector Machine Method For Classification Of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data3852 Words   |  16 PagesMulti-feature advanced support vector machine method for classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data Purnima Arora1, Dr.Paras Chawla2, Gaurav Malik3 1,2,3Electronics Communication Engineering, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering Technology, Radaur, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India-135133, E-mail: 1purnima5142@jmit.ac.in; paraschawla@jmit.ac.in2; 3gauravmalikece@gmail.com Abstract— Support Vector Machine (SVM) is regarded as a good alternative of the traditionalRead MoreWhen Popularity Of Machine Learning Models Increased, A Number Of Automated Trading Systems1154 Words   |  5 PagesWhen popularity of machine learning models increased, a number of automated trading systems were build around these models. But rst, let s take a look at the history of machine learning models in the eld of nancial predictions. At rst, White (1988) applied articial neural networks (ANN) to reveal nonlinear regularities in the IBM stock price movements. Subsequently, Kamijo and Tanigawa (1990) used a recurrent neural network for the recognition of price patterns in the Japanese market. ChengRead MoreA Hybrid Theory Of Power Theft Detection1067 Words   |  5 Pageselectricity companies. Since electricity theft directly affect the profit made by electricity companies, detection and prevention of electricity theft is necessary. In this paper we are proposing a hybrid approach to detect the electricity theft. We will use SVM and ELM for our approach. Introduction:- As we know electricity theft is a major problem for all electricity companies. This problem is not related to Indian companies only; other country’s electricity companies also face this problem. ElectricityRead MoreAn Approach For Gender Classification2480 Words   |  10 Pagespaper, an approach for gender classification is carried out combining frontal face images, Haar cascades, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machines. The comparison of the existing methods that delves into the effects of Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) for Face Detection and the use of Support Vector Machines(SVM) for Gender Classification. A database of 2-D facial images was used, consisting of individual as well as group photographs. These images wereRead MoreThe Effects Of Neurodegenerative Diseases On Central Nervous System Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesand attempts an approach for classification of brain images to search for pathology and normal ity part of brain by extracting salient features of input brain image and the region of interest is identified using kernel k-means algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM) a supervised learning process is used for classification of AD, which is recognized on basis of blue color is normal brain part and red color is pathology related. I. INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases affect central nervous systemRead MoreOptimization Technique For Feature Selection And Classification Using Support Vector Machine2540 Words   |  11 PagesOptimization Technique for Feature Selection and Classification Using Support Vector Machine Abstract— Classification problems often have a large number of features in the data sets, but only some of them are useful for classification. Data Mining Performance gets reduced by Irrelevant and redundant features. Feature selection aims to choose a small number of relevant features to achieve similar or even better classification performance than using all features. It has two main objectivesRead MoreLanguage Identification of Individual Words with Joint Sequence Models1042 Words   |  4 Pagesapplying Joint Sequence Models to the T-LID task. We obtain competitive results on a real-world 4-language task: for our best JSM system, an F1 value of 97.2% is obtained, compared to a F1 value of 95.2% obtained with a state-of-the-art Support Vector Machine (SVM). Words, phrases and names are often used across language boundaries in multilingual settings. Especially for minority languages, such {\it code-switching} with a dominant language can become an intrinsic part of the language itself~\cite{modipaimplications}

Chaucers View Free Essays

string(148) " He says that God told him they should hang three large buckets from the ceiling to sleep in and when the water got high, they would cut the ropes\." It is said that Geoffrey Chaucer was one of the greatest English writers of all times. With Chaucer’s straight forward personality, it is not shocking that he would express his arguments or beliefs through his work. One main points he made apparent in his writing was corruption going on in the Catholic Church During Chaucer’s time, indulgences were of great controversy and Chaucer, along with many other people, were against them. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaucers View or any similar topic only for you Order Now He took this time to voice his feelings about the situation and wrote one of his most famous works; The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales is a series of tales, told by pilgrims on their journey to the shrine of Saint Becket. Many thought that Chaucer was simply telling a story, but little did people know he was criticizing the Catholic Church. Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in order to preach a sermon against the Seven Deadly Sins due to its corruption in the Catholic Church. Within The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses the tales of certain characters to symbolize the Seven Deadly Sins and corruption. The fabliau, as it took new form under Chaucer’s compelling interest in characterization, brought him up against problems of mortality that were to become basic in the developed Canterbury Tales† (Owen 226). He uses tales such as The Knight’s Tale, The Miller’s Tale, The Pardoner’s Tale, The Reeve’s Tale, and The Parson’s Tale which was a sermon itself. Notice he uses characters such as the pardoner and parson; members of the clergy to show that sinning was taking place in a holy place like the Catholic Church. Chaucer makes sure that he displays all the Seven Deadly Sins in his tales and some tales represent more than one of the sins. The Seven Deadly Sins consist of Lust, Gluttony, Avarice, Sloth, Anger, Jealousy, and Pride. According to New Advent, Lust is the inordinate craving for, or indulgence of, the carnal pleasure which is experienced in the human organs of generation. Sloth is said to be the disinclination to labor or exertion. Gluttony means excessive indulgence. Avarice is the inordinate loves for riches. Anger is defined as the desire of vengeance. Jealousy is a sorrow which one entertains at another’s well-being because of their view that one’s own excellence is in consequence lessened. Lastly, Pride is the excessive love of one’s own excellence (Delany). Everyone of these sins are used in the following tales. One of the first tales in The Canterbury Tales to symbolize the Seven Deadly Sins was The Knight’s Tale. In The Knight’s Tale, Duke Theseus of Athens, is on his way home from attacking Scythia. While he was there, he wins over a wife and what now is a sister-in-law; Emily. Along the way, Theseus runs into a group of crying women. They beg Theseus to take revenge on Creon, the King of Thebes, because he refuses to bury their husbands. The oldest women stated â€Å"Their bodies were dragged out onto the plain into a heap, and there, as we have learnt, they neither may have burial nor be burnt, but he makes dogs devour them, in scorn† (28). Theseus decides to fight Creon, and beats him. After winning against Creon, he takes two of his men; Palamon and Arcite to be servants for his castle. The servants are thrown in the tower to work without ransom. Over time, they both fall in love with Emily after watching her through the tower window. One day Arcite is let go, but with the promise of never returning. Arcite is envious of Palamon being able to see Emily everyday. On the other hand, Palamon was envious of Arcite being able to form an army to get Emily back. Arcite comes back in disguise and Palamon escapes, they run into one another and decide to fight over Emily. Arcite wins the battle, but with complications that caused death. Emily ends up marrying Palamon in the end, â€Å"That is called matrimony, also marriage, by counsel of the Duke and all his peerage. And thus with every bliss and melody Palamon was espoused to Emily† (86). The sins associated with this tale are Lust, Anger, Sloth and Jealousy. Since the characters in the tale did wrong and committed these sins, they had consequences. When Arcite and Palamon both Lust over Emily, it makes tension among them and makes it harder on themselves because they have no way of showing her affection. When Creon refuses to bury the bodies of the husbands, that shows Sloth, because of this Creon and Duke Theseus fight. Jealousy shows when Arcite and Palamon envy one other for being able to see Emily, this leads to them being angry at each another which eventually leads to greater problems. Anger shows up when Arcite and Palamon fight over Emily, which ends up with Arcite dying. This shows that with sinning, comes consequences. The next tale that Chaucer uses to preach is The Miller’s Tale. The Miller’s Tale is the tale of a carpenter, his young wife and two students. To make money, John rents rooms in his house to a boy named Nicholas. Nicholas soon has his eye set on Alison. Another boy in town, Absalon also has his eye on Alison. The trouble begins when John leaves home on a trip. While John is out, Nicholas and Alison have an affair. Not much longer after the affair, Alison goes to church where she is hit on by Absalon. She shows no affection towards him because she is in love with Nicholas. Alison and Nicholas think of a plan to trick John so they can have more alone time. Nicholas convinces John that God is sending a flood. â€Å"Rain is to fall in torrents, such a scud it will be twice as bad as Noah’s Flood. This world,’ he said, ‘in just about an hour, Shall all be drowned, it’s such a hideous shower, and all mankind, with total loss of life† (97). He says that God told him they should hang three large buckets from the ceiling to sleep in and when the water got high, they would cut the ropes. You read "Chaucers View" in category "Papers" John believes him and goes along with the plan. John thinks his wife is in her bucket, but little does he know that she is with Nicholas. Later that night, Absalon comes to the window and asks Alison to give him a kiss Instead of her lips, she sticks her butt out the window. Angry, Absalon gets a hot brand to brand Alison, but Nicholas sticks his butt out. Absalon brands Nicolas and he yells out â€Å"Water. † John thinks the flood is here and cuts his rope. The whole town hears about the situation and makes fun of John. The two sins tied into this tale are Lust and Anger. Lust is shown when both Absalon and Nicholas lust over the young wife of John. Since Nicholas lusted over her, it caused them to have an affair and Absalon lusting over made him go to the bedroom window which caused more problems. Anger sets in when Alison sticks her butt out of the window instead of her lips, when Absalon realizes, he turns angry and gets the hot brand and ends up branding Nicholas instead. This makes Nicholas yell out and than John cuts the ropes and makes a mockery out of himself by the town. Chaucer did not stop at just one or two tales, he decided to take it even further and use The Pardoner’s Tale to help further his voice. In the Pardoner’s tale, he starts off by going on a rant about young Flemish people who spend their time drinking, gambling, and swearing. He than starts back to his story. Three rioters are drinking and talking about a friend who was killed earlier by a thing called Death, â€Å"Many and grisly were the oaths they swore, tearing Christ’s blessed body to a shred; ‘if we can only catch him, Death is Dead† (251). Outraged about their friend dying, the men go on a hunt to find and kill Death. On their way, they run into an old man who tells them that they can find Death underneath an oak tree. Pleased, the men rush to the tree to only find gold. They plan to steal the gold, but wait until night. During the wait, they send one man to go get wine and bread. While he is gone, they plot to kill him in order to split the gold. The man who went to fetch the bread, and wine was also thinking similarly. He poisons the other two’s wine and heads back to the tree, but to only get killed when he arrived. Excited about the gold, they drink the dead man’s poisoned wine and they soon die. He goes to end his story, but forgets he had pardons and relics in his bag and asks for contribution. There are both Avarice and Gluttony take place in the Pardoner’s Tale. We see Avarice take place when they set their eyes on the gold, all men are eager to get all the gold and in the end, their greed kills them all. We also see Gluttony, it takes place when the pardoner starts off talking about the Flemish boys, we also see it when the men are drinking too much in the bar. Them drinking too much in the bar, lead to them making stupid plans to kill Death. In the end they end up dead because of greed and a little too much to drink. The Reeves Tale’s is yet another tale used by Chaucer to preach. The Reeve’s Tale is about a miller named Simpkin who likes to fight and enjoys wrestling. Most people don’t talk to him and he cheats his customers by robbing corn from them. He also â€Å"paddles† their flour cheap substances. When the manciple of a school gets sick, the miller takes the opportunity to cheat the school even more. Two students, Alan and John are sent to do it for the school so they will not be cheated. When they arrive at the mill, Alan and John tell Simpkin that they will watch the corn being ground so they are not cheated. Simpkin gets angry and he unties their horses. When they find out the horses are missing, they go looking for them, giving Simpkin time to steal flour from them. He later has his wife bake a cake with it. Having wasted the whole day, Alan and John decide to stay the night at Simpkin’s house Alan sneaks and has intercourse with Simpkin’s daughter. John does the same with Simpkin’s wife. He does this by moving the cradle to her bed to his so she will climb in with him. When Alan goes to bed he mistakes the cradle and goes into bed with Simpkin. Thinking he is John, Alan tells Simpkin that he had intercourse with the miller’s daughter. Enraged, Simpkin rises out of bed and punches Alan in the nose. Alan and John beat Simpkin up, then run away picking up the cake made of their robbed flour on the way out. In the Reeve’s Tale, there are many sins. We see Avarice, Anger, and Pride. We see avarice when the miller robs all the corn and flour, which results in the boys sleeping with his daughter and wife. We see Anger when the boys find out about the miller robbing them and anger when the miller finds out about the boys sleeping with the women, which causes a fight. We also see pride when Alan brags about sleeping with the miller’s daughter to which he thought was John, which caused the miller to throw the first punch. â€Å"Chaucer had in mind the other Tales, when he finally conducted the Parsons through his against the Vices they illustrate? To me the conclusion seems unavoidable that this division of the Parson’s sermon is but the culmination of the frequently recurring motifs of the Seven Deadly Sins† (Tupper 117). The Parson splits his sermon up into the three parts. He speaks of contrition, he talks of confession and he goes into depth about each of the seven deadly sins. Throughout the tale, the Parson recites several passages from the Bible. Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in order to preach a sermon against the Seven Deadly Sins due to its corruption in the Catholic Church. It is obvious that he used tales such as the Knight’s tale, the Miller’s Tale, the Pardoner’s tale, the Reeve’s tale and especially the Parson’s tale to get his point across. Even though The Canterbury Tales was never finished by Chaucer, it was a strong enough work to make people ask questions and think about the corruption going in the Catholic Church. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffery. The Canterbury Tales. New York: Penguin Classics, 1997. Delany, Joseph. †Anger. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/01489a. htm;. Delany, Joseph. â€Å"Avarice. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/02148b. htm;. Delany, Joseph. †Gluttony. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/02148a. htm;. Delany, Joseph. â€Å" Jealousy. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/08326b. htm;. Delany, Joseph. â€Å"Lust. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. rg/cathen/09438a. htm;. Delany, Joseph. â€Å"Pride. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/12405a. htm;. Delany, Joseph. â€Å"Sloth. † The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 Mar. 2013 ;http://www. newadvant. org/cathen/14057c. htm;. Owen, Charles A. Jr. â€Å"Mortality as a Comic Motif in the Canterbury Tales. †Ã‚  National Council of Teachers of English. 16. 4 (1955): 226-232. Print. Tupper, Fredrick Jr. â€Å"Chaucer and The Seven Deadly Sins. â€Å"Modern Language Association America. XXIX. 1 (1914) : 117. Print. How to cite Chaucers View, Papers

Machiavelli’s ”The Prince” during the Renaissance period Essay Example For Students

Machiavelli’s †The Prince† during the Renaissance period Essay The Renaissance period was one of great accomplishment in the Fieldss of architecture. picture. sculpture and literature. ‘Machiavelli. a author of literature emerged and came to prefer in Florence during the regulation of Savonarola in Italy. ’ In his work the Prince. a enchiridion for swayers. I will discourse its significance during this disruptive period in history. In making this I will pull on some mentions from the Prince and explicate their significance and deductions during the period of 1513 in Italy. This essay will so reason with a sum-up and an rating of the historical significance of The Prince from an amoral and nonsubjective position during the Renaissance period. Machiavelli was born in Florence. Italy at a clip when the state was in political turbulence. Italy was divided between four dominant city states. and each of these was continually at the clemency of the stronger foreign authoritiess of Europe. He was one time a wandering embassador and diplomat for the Florentine Republic and therefore exhausted clip with many of the major Italian leaders of the twenty-four hours. During the period from 1469 to 1492 when Florence was under the control of Lorenzo de Medici the economic system expanded significantly and the lower category enjoyed a greater degree of comfort and protection. ‘In 1512 the Medici overthrew the Florentine democracy. returning to power with the aid of the apostolic ground forces and that of Spain. Following the find of a secret plan. of which he was guiltless. against the Medici patriarchs. Machiavelli was forced into expatriate on his state estate. ’ It was subsequently Machiavelli wrote the Prince. a guidebook for a swayer that would finally unify Italy to drive out foreign menaces. It illustrated the ways in which al leader follows the guidelines of what he believed to be a good political life as a leader. This book gives a general overview of human behavior. trusting that future princes can set up peace and security in their lands. utilizing this basic cognition. Machiavelli discusses power with the people. dictatorial power. and power with people. shared power. The illustrations he used were written for the environment that swayers of the twenty-four hours were populating in. During that period in Italy necessary stairss were needed to overmaster neighbouring enemies. In composing the Prince. Machiavelli realised how necessary it was to brood on ploies of power and military organisation that will efficaciously keep a province. The Prince trades with how princedoms should be ruled and preserved. Machiavelli notes that is easier to regulate a familial province than a new princedom for two chief grounds. First those under the regulation of such provinces are familiar with the prince’s household and are hence accustomed to their regulation. The natural prince merely has to maintain past establishments intact. while accommodating them to current events. Second. the natural temperament of topics in a familial province is to love and accept the governing household. unless the prince commits some atrocious act against his people. Even if you have a strong ground forces you still necessitate the good will of the people to maintain a princedom. It is easy to lose a new princedom because a new prince can non instantly honor those that helped him. Equally shortly as a princedom is won. you should acquire rid of the Rebels and beef up yourself in your weakest topographic points. In specifying types of princedoms ( district or part ruled by a prince ) Machiavelli constructs on lineation for his book. Principalities are either familial. or they are new. In mentioning about new princedoms Machiavelli writes. ‘when provinces freshly acquired as I have been accustomed to populating freely under their ain Torahs. there are three ways to keep them firmly: foremost. by lay waste toing them ; following. by traveling and populating at that place in individual ; thirdly. by allowing them maintain their ain laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .postImageUrl , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:hover , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:visited , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:active { border:0!important; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:active , .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue08705b9147995cda3cf72fcb137f55b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Middle Ages vs Renaissance ComparisonMachiavelli believes a prince should be careful that a alien does non come and acquire more power than he has already acquired. Neighboring provinces non taken over should non be allowed to go excessively powerful. The prince must stay the maestro of the whole state. He believes if this does non go on there will be changeless power battles and unrest. A prince chosen by the baronial category yet favored by the people after turn outing to them that he is sort. is the best prince of all. for â€Å"men. when they receive good from him of whom they were anticipating immorality. are bound more closely to their helper ; therefore the people rapidly go more devoted to him than if he had been raised to the princedom by their favours. † Thus. maintaining the peoples’ good will is shown to be a affair of extreme importance. A wise adult male ought ever to follow the waies beaten by great work forces. and to copy those who have been supreme. Machiavelli used Caesar Borgia as an illustration of the ideal swayer ; his thought of being ruthless was an advantage. He maintained that anyone who became maestro of a metropolis accustomed to freedom and does non destruct it might anticipate to be destroyed. Borgia was accounted cruel ; however. this inhuman treatment of his reformed the Romagna. brought it integrity. and restored order and obeisance. Therefore a prince need non worry if he incurs reproach for his inhuman treatment. every bit long as he keeps his topics united and loyal. By doing his topics afraid of him. the prince could stop political instability and convey about a moral regeneration that Machiavelli believed had characterized antiquity. His thesis seems to convey once more that the terminals justify the agencies. I believe in his cunningness Machiavelli is proposing changeless use of others and continual computation of future actions to the hurt of others. On the other manus it could be seen as an intensely practical usher to raw political power over a Renaissance princedom. His composing dwells upon the ploies that could be utilized to oppress resistance and the addition of one’s ain power regardless the result. In the chase of a prince’s glorification and advancement the terminal justifies the agencies. Although many critics consider The Prince a sarcasm. merely an effort to uncover the jobs with the governing category. most see Machiavelli’s work as a serious effort to put the basis for the reunion of Italy under the Medici household of Florence. However. Machievelli recognized the importance of maintaining the people you rule happy. There are two ways to contending ; by jurisprudence and by force. the first being natural to adult male the 2nd to animals. Therefore a prince should do proper utilizations of animal and adult male. The ancient authors related narratives which taught princes by an fable. when they described how Achilles and many princes were sent to be reared by Chevron. the centaur. so he would develop them. The fable meant in doing the instructor half animal and half adult male and that a prince must cognize how to move harmonizing to the nature of both. In this manner he would last. So. as a prince is forced to cognize how to move like a animal. he must larn from the fox and the king of beasts ; because is defenceless against traps and a fox is defenceless against wolves. Lions can non support themselves against traps. and foxes can non support themselves against wolves. You have to be like a fox to see the tr aps. and like a king of beasts to terrorize the wolves. In stating this Machavelli is connoting a prince who is cunning and strong ever succeeds better and do good princes. Acting harmonizing to good qualities might harm a prince. he must hold to cognize when to move against them. .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .postImageUrl , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:hover , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:visited , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:active { border:0!important; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:active , .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0 .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a1e9e55b23f5805784132b5de9db9d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Grammar and expression in early Renaissance architecture EssayIn decision we have seen how Machiavelli’s book The Prince was historically important during the Renaissance. In exemplifying the behavior and accomplishments required by a Prince to retain and increase his ain retentions it served as a usher that would steer and act upon political and military idea. Though seen as an amoral history go arounding around the opportunism of the prince. the book was seen as a consequence of Italian incompetency and the calamity of the Italian cause. and more significantly the Florentine cause.

10 of the Most Unprofessional Work Behaviors

10 of the Most Unprofessional Work Behaviors Everyone has weak moments, where a panic moment or a lapse in judgment leads to workplace decisions we’re not especially proud to own. And unfortunately, if there are witnesses to said behavior, there could be whispers about your unprofessionalism that follow you around. However, if you know ahead of time where some of the danger zones lie, you can try to avoid being branded with a scarlet â€Å"U.† 1. Throwing other people under the busIt’s just never a good idea. You may see an opening to avoid blame or disapproval, but if it means offering up one of your colleagues, you’re better off not playing this game. If something truly isn’t your fault, you should stick up for yourself, but â€Å"he did it too!† didn’t work in elementary school, and it doesn’t work now.2. Taking shortcutsâ€Å"You want it done fast, or do you want it done right?† Always err on the side of completeness. If you rush to get things done, mistakes wil l emerge, and you’ll be known as someone who does shoddy work.3. Gossiping about coworkersTalking smack, even if it’s mild or true, may get you a laugh from a coworker in the short term, but it’ll also get you a reputation for being indiscreet and/or catty.4. Broadcasting personal opinionsFeeling the Bern? Itching to Make Donald Drumpf Again? Fantastic, take that passion and spend your personal time making cold calls for your favorite candidate. Don’t bring it into the office, or stand at the coffee machine telling everyone who’ll listen that the real birth certificate will vindicate your conspiracy theories. The workplace is a diverse environment, where everyone needs to get along harmoniously for a common purpose. That might mean staying publicly mum on hot-potato topics like politics or religion, even when you so totally disagree with someone on a personal issue.5. Ignoring boundaries with coworkersDon’t be that guy who has screaming matc hes on the phone with his wife in his open-plan cubicle. Don’t be the lady whose pungent microwaved leftovers permeate the whole office with a salmon-y smell. Or the guy whose cologne makes him a walking billboard for the Axe body spray you never want to smell again. Being oblivious to the senses of those around you can be a huge professionalism misstep.6. Biting the hand that feeds youOh, you don’t agree with every single decision your boss or the company makes? Neither does anyone else. That doesn’t mean you’re free to complain about the powers that be every chance you get. For serious grievances, take them to the appropriate channels (HR, your supervisor). For run-of-the-mill gripes, save those for your trusted confidantes outside of the office walls (spouse, cat, clergyperson). You don’t want to be known as the malcontent who hates this place, because it’ll become much easier to a) ignore your concerns; and b) ding you for not being a te am player.7. Mistaking work-social events for social-social eventsThe office party with an open bar is an open invitation, right? I mean, would your company offer drinks if they didn’t want you to get sloshed and have a good time? It’s a trap! Not an intentional one- at work-sponsored social events, your company probably does want you to have a good time. Within reason. Exercise moderation at these events, because no one respects the professionalism of the person holding beer #5 while loudly demanding that someone play â€Å"Freebird.†8. Monopolizing meetingsYou have ideas- excellent! So does everyone else in the room. The whole point of a meeting is to get different perspectives into a room together. When one person dominates that, others can feel marginalized or frustrated.9. Not following throughIf you promise something and don’t deliver once, it could be a fluke. If you routinely promise the stars and deliver C-level celebrities, it becomes a pattern of untrustworthiness.10. Using devices while talking to coworkersYou may think it looks like you’re a multitasking rockstar, but to you colleagues it looks like you’re giving the issue at hand half of your attention (at best).Your reputation is one of the most important professional tools you’ve got- and unlike your resume, which you can improve and revise with every new job, your rep is often beyond your control. If you do everything you can to make sure you’re putting forth the employee you want to be, that’s what others will see. The last thing you want is for a former boss or colleague to waffle (or worse, tell stories about your public failings) when asked for a reference.

Free Essays on Poem for my Sister

POEM FOR MY SISTER by Liz Lochead A poem I have recently read is called ‘poem for my sister’, which was written by Liz Lochead. This essay is going to investigate how Liz Lochead feels as an older sister towards her little sister, what techniques she uses to get what effects, what the sister’s relationship is like and how effective the poet has been. The poem is made up of three stanzas. In stanza 1, Liz Lochead explains about how her little sister likes to try on her grown-up shoes. In stanza 2 though she tells us about how she likes to watch her little sister play kid games and how good she is at them. Finally, in stanza 3, Liz Lochead warns her sister away from wearing unsuitable shoes. In stanza 1, Liz Lochead shows us how she feels about her little sister. She tells us of an everyday occurrence; her little sister trying on her shoes, â€Å"My little sister likes to try on my shoes, to strut in them†. The obvious meaning of this stanza is that her little sister wants to wear grown-up shoes but the big sister thinks she is still too young, â€Å"She says they fit her perfectly, but wobbles†. The second meaning is that the little sister is at a difficult age in her life, she’s getting too old to be a kid but is no good at being an adult but keeps trying desperately to be an adult anyway. The word â€Å"wobbles† means both that she physically cannot cope with wearing grown-up shoes and that she is also wobbling between childhood and adulthood, showing that it is not easy to balance, this message becomes clearer through the poem as she starts to speak of her little sister playing kid games. Liz Lochead uses quite a lot of alliteration in Stanza 1. She uses dashes and commas to speed up the rhythm of the poem, â€Å"admire her spindle-thin twelve-year-old legs†. I find her use of dashes and commas very effective in speeding up the rhythm. Stanza 1 shows much about the sister’s relationship, they are quite close but not too c... Free Essays on Poem for my Sister Free Essays on Poem for my Sister POEM FOR MY SISTER by Liz Lochead A poem I have recently read is called ‘poem for my sister’, which was written by Liz Lochead. This essay is going to investigate how Liz Lochead feels as an older sister towards her little sister, what techniques she uses to get what effects, what the sister’s relationship is like and how effective the poet has been. The poem is made up of three stanzas. In stanza 1, Liz Lochead explains about how her little sister likes to try on her grown-up shoes. In stanza 2 though she tells us about how she likes to watch her little sister play kid games and how good she is at them. Finally, in stanza 3, Liz Lochead warns her sister away from wearing unsuitable shoes. In stanza 1, Liz Lochead shows us how she feels about her little sister. She tells us of an everyday occurrence; her little sister trying on her shoes, â€Å"My little sister likes to try on my shoes, to strut in them†. The obvious meaning of this stanza is that her little sister wants to wear grown-up shoes but the big sister thinks she is still too young, â€Å"She says they fit her perfectly, but wobbles†. The second meaning is that the little sister is at a difficult age in her life, she’s getting too old to be a kid but is no good at being an adult but keeps trying desperately to be an adult anyway. The word â€Å"wobbles† means both that she physically cannot cope with wearing grown-up shoes and that she is also wobbling between childhood and adulthood, showing that it is not easy to balance, this message becomes clearer through the poem as she starts to speak of her little sister playing kid games. Liz Lochead uses quite a lot of alliteration in Stanza 1. She uses dashes and commas to speed up the rhythm of the poem, â€Å"admire her spindle-thin twelve-year-old legs†. I find her use of dashes and commas very effective in speeding up the rhythm. Stanza 1 shows much about the sister’s relationship, they are quite close but not too c...

Data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data analysis - Essay Example The Experiment of Western blotting analysis for the samples of NIH/3T3 cells, whether having been treated in PDGF or not, uses the Phospho-Akt (Ser473) for the preparation of the upper blotting and Akt 9272 for the lower blotting. It has to present the results in a tabular form, the first column being PGDF, the second being AKT and the third column being Phospho-Akt. This was a time series practical activity to stimulate the cells at various durations from 0 to 120 minutes. Its independent variable was the PGDF. There are two blots to analyze, Ser473 of Akt as the upper blot (using phospho-Akt antibody) and phosphor-Akt (using Akt antibody) as the lower blot and. It also involved using gels to conduct the molecular weight marker. The top band corresponded to the measurement of 76 kDa, while the middle band corresponded to 57 kDa. The lowest band thus corresponded to 47 kDa. The growth factor analysis shows that proteins facilitate growth at different rates under different conditions. The most relevant protein analysis procedure in this kind of experiment is the florescent microscopy. From the principles of cytometry, this experiment conducts the flow cytometry experiment with the labeling of Jurkat cells and the labeling of Phospho-Akt ser 473antibody. It uses three categories of cells, untreated, treated cells and control experiment (Burgering and Coffer 1995, p54). All the cells are labeled in three different colors as they appear in the graph above. The red line is the control experiment, green is treated and blue is

Disability and Discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Disability and Discrimination - Research Paper Example lity of people with disabilities whether their disability is artificial or natural and whether we are required to equalize people because of their disabilities (p.15). Though world has recognized the rights of differently-abled persons, little has been done to see the compliance. Disability Discrimination is the process of making decisions affecting an employee based wholly or partly, upon the real or perceived disability of the employee (Davidovich, 2003). According to Brading and Curtis (2000) many employers fail to appreciate that disability does not necessarily imply ability and a disability may not result in handicap therefore assuming that the people with disabilities would not be able to perform adequately at work (p.16). There are several practices of discrimination going on against person with disabilities and it is assumed that in spite of various acts and legislations passed by national and international bodies, the barrier and stigma still exists in the 21st century as co ntemplated by Brading andCurtis (2000). This paper, therefore, makes in depth analysis regarding discriminatory practices against person with disabilities to the extent of discriminatory practices. Statement of the Problem As stated above, there are several practices of discrimination going on against person with disabilities, but the major form of discrimination comes alive at workplace. Despite Disability Discrimination Act 1995 being in force, making unlawful for an employer for treating disabled person less favourable, the number of discriminatory practice is soaring (Brading and Curtis, 2000, p.15). Why? Why are such discriminations taking place and whether enacted laws and legislations are proving effective? Review of Literature According to International Classification of Functioning... This reprot approves that tThere are several practices of discrimination going on against person with disabilities and it is assumed that in spite of various acts and legislations passed by national and international bodies, the barrier and stigma still exists in the 21st century as contemplated by Brading and Curtis. This paper, therefore, makes in depth analysis regarding discriminatory practices against person with disabilities to the extent of discriminatory practices. According to International Classification of Functioning disability arises when an individual’s ability to do daily activities, carry out social roles and participate in communal activities that are considered normal or common by the individual and the community, is limited or hindered because of a bodily, sensory, mental and/or intellectual function and environmental barriers. This paper makes a conclusion that discrimination on people with disability is still prevalent in high economy countries and the apathy of these people in developing and underdeveloped countries can be better understood in the words of Mahmud and Nahala in Yemen. The researches carried out by different agencies show approximate status and scenario of opportunities available to the people with disabilities even in 21st century. Though laws and legislations have been enacted by the International bodies including WHO, ILO and United Nations prohibiting defiance of rights to persons on the basis of race, color, religion, creed, place, and disability among others, the gap remains in the rate of employment and unemployment as well in wages.

Impact of the 17th Amendment

Impact of the 17th Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment, Senate Ideology, and the Growth of Government Danko Tarabar Abstract The 17th Amendment disturbed the existing electoral system in the United States by requiring direct elections for state Senators. Scholars have argued this made the Senate more populist and contributed to the growth of government in the US post-1913. We employ econometric tools to investigate whether the time series of mean ideology of Senate and its winning policies experienced a structural change around the time of the enactment. We find no compelling evidence of a structural break at that time but do find evidence for a change in the mid-to-late 1890s. Keywords: Seventeenth Amendment, structural break, Senate ideology JEL codes: D72, H19 Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Edward J. Lopez and participants at the 2012 Southern Economic Association meetings in New Orleans for helpful comments and suggestions. The Seventeenth Amendment, Senate Ideology,  and the Growth of Government 1. Introduction The 17th Amendment to the US Constitution established that Senators were to be directly elected by popular vote rather than appointed by state legislatures. The amendment ended a generation of state-by-state battles attempting to bring Senate elections under popular control. Although its 1913 passage is regarded by historians as enhancing democratic accountability, Zywicki (1994) argues that the amendment helped erode federalism and the separation of power. As Senator fidelity moved towards the electorate and away from protecting states’ interests, the Senate became as populist as the House, thus paving the way for government growth. In making this argument, Zywicki is attempting to contribute to one of the biggest questions in public economics: the dramatic increase in government in the United States during the 20th Century (Higgs, 1987; Husted and Kenny, 1997; Lott and Kenny, 1998; Holcombe, 1999). This paper empirically investigates whether the Senate experienced an ideology shift as the result of the change in political allegiance. If the interests of state legislatures and the median voters sufficiently differed, we expect to find evidence of a structural change in Senator and winning policy outcomes on roll calls at or near the time of adoption of the 17th Amendment. We examine this hypothesis by subjecting the time series of Senator and winning policy ideology to a battery of structural break tests. The evidence presented here suggest that a break most likely occurred during the 54th Congress (1895-1897), suggesting that the 17th Amendment merely codified what had already occurred through other means. 2. Data The most widely used measure of Congress ideology today are the NOMINATE scores, developed by Poole and Rosenthal in the 1980s (Poole and Rosenthal, 1997). The scores map House and Senate ideology outcomes onto a continuum, where negative scores denote liberal and positive denote conservative values (also analogous to greater or less government intervention in the economy). Zero implies centrist leanings, whereas score magnitudes reflect relative ideology strength. Each chamber since 1789 receives a mean score for legislators and winning policy outcomes, allowing for an overall assessment of ideology with respect to legislator behavior and the nature of enacted policies. We employ the DW-NOMINATE (dynamic, weighted) score subtype, estimated using normally distributed errors. The entire series contains 112 biennial observations, one for each Congress. The DW scores are comparable between Congresses, but comparisons only make sense within one of the three stable two-party periods in US history. We focus on the most recent such period, the Democratic-Republican (46th-112th Congress), since the formal adoption of the 17th Amendment occurred during the 63rd Congress (1913-1915). The operational database thus contains 67 observations ranging from 1879 to 2013 (Fig. 1). We exploit this dataset to search for structural changes in the series of mean Senator ideology and mean winning policy coordinates. 3. Methodology Structural change implies a sudden shift in any or all of the model parameters that control for the series mean and variance. In the current context, a structural break in either series would be indicative of mean â€Å"jumps† in chamber or winning policy ideology, whereas a break in variance implies a volatility shift not unlike, for instance, the Great Moderation. If the 17th Amendment instigated higher growth of federal government, one should observe a structural break in ideology in the 63rd Congress, presumably to the ideological left. While a visual inspection offers little in terms of inference, the diagnostics indicate that the mean chamber ideology is lower (-0.056 versus +0.01), and SD is approximately two times larger pre-Amendment. For mean winning outcomes, the average is higher pre-Amendment (0.037 versus -0.07), and the sample SD is exactly halved afterwards. We let both series evolve according to an AR(1) data generating process with drift and a deterministic linear trend: (1) where are serially uncorrelated errors and lag number is determined by Akaike and Schwarz Bayesian Info criteria. The structural change in series mean comes from breaks in drift, trend and autoregressiveparameters, while series’ volatility is largely dependent on error variance if is small. We estimate equation (1) using OLS. The econometrics of structural change underwent significant development in recent decades. The classic Chow (1960) test treats the breakdate as exogenous and a priori known. However, the current standard practice is to let the breakdate be an estimable endogenous parameter (Hansen, 2001). Quandt (1960) proposed taking the highest in the sequence of Chow F-statistics across all possible dates as the breakpoint, but the critical value asymptotic distribution for such a test was not available until Andrews (1993). Andrews’ now-conventional approach to testing for structural break rests on the â€Å"sup† methodology, in which the maximal significant F- (supF) or Wald-statistic (supW) across all observations is the most likely breakdate. Andrews and Ploberger (1994) further consider the averages and exponents of these test statistics. We use the supW-statistic, which has the advantage over supF in that it allows for residual heteroskedasticity. All statistically significant supW-statistics represent possible breakdates, but only that which minimizes the model sum of squared errors (SSE) is the most probable candidate (Hansen, 2001). In testing for and dating structural breaks in the series’ variances, the same methodology follows for equation (2): (2). Finally, the existence of breakpoints could erroneously lead to the conclusion that the series is nonstationary. We then use the Zivot-Andrews (ZA) (1992) test to distinguish between structural break and random walk disturbances. Conventional unit root tests tend to under-reject the null of nonstationarity in the presence of a break, while the ZA procedure allows for existence of one endogenously determined structural break in trend or intercept in testing unit root. Since neither series seem to be trending, we allow for an intercept break only, within 10% trimmed data. Some caveats are in order. First, the power of structural break tests is lower in smaller samples. Although a test statistic modification is possible, it is computationally costly (Antoshin et al., 2008). Second, the Quandt-Andrews procedure assumes regressor stationarity. As a solution for nonstationary regressors, Hansen (2000) proposes a â€Å"fixed regressor bootstrap.† Third, small sample size makes it impractical to search for multiple breaks simultaneously, even though an event such as women’s suffrage would make for a plausible structural break from public choice theory standpoint. Lastly, we recognize that structural break test results may be sensitive to model specification. 4. Results Table 1 summarizes our findings. In the case of mean Senate ideology, none of the supW-statistics, in any form (level, average and exponential), are significant at usual levels within 5, 10 and 15% trimmed data, so we find no evidence of a structural break. We also find no significant variance shifts. The ZA test rejects nonstationarity in favor of an intercept break in the 54th Congress (1895-1897). Although this date comes closest to the breakdate in the Quandt-Andrews procedure, it remains statistically insignificant. For the mean of winning policy ideology, the maximal significant supW-statistic also falls in the 54th Congress. Plotting the SSE from equation (1) over time, we observe the global minimum to fall in the 64th Congress (1915-1917). The ZA test allowing for an intercept break rejects nonstationarity at the 3% level, and also gives the breakdate as in the 54th Congress. Turning to variance shifts of mean winning ideology and repeating the same procedures on equation (2), we reject the null of no breakpoint at 4% level within 5, 10 and 15% trimmed data, with the maximal statistic during the 54th Congress. The SSE for variance breakdate (from equation (2)) exhibits multiple sharp drops indicative of a breakdate, with a global minimum in the 97th Congress (1981-1983). Overall, the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that the most probable breakpoint for mean and variance of winning policy ideology, as well as some evidence for chamber mean ideology, occurred between 1895 and 1897, in the 54th Congress. 5. Conclusion In his analysis of the political economy origins of the 17th Amendment, Zywicki (1994) notes that it was in the 1880s where dissatisfaction with the indirect system began to escalate. During this period, many states began to employ extra-constitutional means to move towards popular election of Senators (Riker, 1955). These approaches – public canvass and pledged state legislators –allowed for direct public participations in Senate elections. Our results provide some evidence that these approaches or other contemporary changes led to a change in ideology of the mean Senator, not the passage of the 17th Amendment. This finding suggests that while much the growth of in government occurred during the 20th century, the underlying ideological and institutional changes likely began in the Civil War and its aftermath (Higgs, 1997; Holcombe, 1999). References Andrews, D. W. K. (1993) Tests for parameter instability and structural change with unknown change point, Econometrica, 61, 821-856. Andrews, D. W. K. and Ploberger W. (1994) Optimal tests when the nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative, Econometrica, 62, 1383-414. Antoshin, S., Berg, A. and Souto, M. (2008) Testing for structural breaks in small samples, The International Monetary Fund, Working Paper Series No. 08/75 Chow, G. C. (1960) Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions, Econometrica, 28, 591-605. Hansen, B. E. (2000) Testing for structural change in conditional models, Journal of Econometrics, 97, 93-115. Hansen, B. E. (2001) The new econometrics of structural change: dating breaks in U.S. labor productivity, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, 117-128. Higgs, R. (1987) Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, Oxford University Press, New York. Holcombe, R. (1999) Veterans Interests and the transition to government: 1870-1915, Public Choice, 99, 311-326. Husted, T. and Kenny, L. (1998) How dramatically did women’s suffrage change the size and scope of government? Journal of Political Economy, 107, 1163-98. Poole, K. and Rosenthal, H. (1997) Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting, 1st edn, Oxford University Press, New York. Quandt, R. (1960) Tests of the hypothesis that a linear regression obeys two separate regimes, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 324-330. Riker, W. (1955) The Senate and American federalism, American Political Science Review, 49, 452-469. Zivot, E. and Andrews, D.W.K. (1992) Further evidence on the Great Crash, the oil price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10, 251-270. Zywicki, T. J. (1994) Senators and special interests: a public choice analysis of the Seventeenth Amendment, Oregon Law Review, 73, 1007-55. Fig 1. Mean Senate and winning policy ideology over time Source: http://voteview.com/pmeans.htm Notes: Vertical line denotes the 17th Amendment adoption 1 [† ] Corresponding author.

Ap Psychology Intelligence

Intelligence In my high school your intelligence level is based on your ability to master material in difficult courses, which is quite different to people the same age in the Amazon rain forest. Their intelligence level is based on their knowledge of the medicinal properties of local plants. In both of these very different locations intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. General intelligence is also known as the g factor. To be labeled as intelligent would correlate with a high g factor.There are also the theories of multiple intelligences, which include Gardner's eight intelligences and Sternberg's three intelligences. Gardner's eight intelligences include abilities in linguistics, logical-mathematics, music, spatial awareness, body-kin esthetics, interpersonal relations, interpersonal relations, and nature. Gardner views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages. For example, in t he cases of people with Savant Syndrome who often score low on intelligence testing, yet have one area of intense brilliance, such as the Rain Man.Sternberg's three intelligences include Analytical(academic problem-solving), Creative intelligence, and Practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence is assessed by intelligence testing, with question having only one correct answer. Creative intelligence is shown by how people react to new situations and create new ideas. Practical intelligence is needed for every day problem-solving, with problems having many possible answers. Creativity is the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable. Exceptionally high scores on intelligence tests support the presence of high creativity.Sternberg identified five components of creativity, which include; Expertise(well developed knowledge base), Imaginative thinking skills, A venturesome personality, Intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment. To boost your creativity it is best to develop your expertise by finding something that you are passionate about and become an expert on it. Next, you need to allow time for incubation, which means, give your mind plenty of time and rest to make connections with the wealth of knowledge you have exposed yourself to. Then, you need to set aside time to let your mind roam freely.That means television, computers, and video games are off the table. Instead, go for a walk, jog, or meditate. Lastly and most importantly, experience other cultures and ways of thinking. Travel to many different countries and soak up the culture through common activities and quality time spent with native peoples. Emotional intelligence has four main components, which include, perceiving emotions(to recognize them in faces, music, and stories), understanding emotions(to predict them and how they change and blend), managing emotions(to know how to express them in varied situations), and using emotions to enable adaptive or creative thinking.Thos e who are emotionally intelligent are often more successful in careers, marriage, and parenting situations, as compared to academically smart people. It is believed that there is a strong correlation between brain size and intelligence. For example, Lord Byron's brain was approximately two pounds heavier than the normal three pound brain. In another case Albert Einstein's brain was studied and was found to be 15% larger in the parietal lobe's lower region, which is the area for mathematical and spatial processing. How fitting!Another strong correlation lies between neural processing speed and intelligence. This correlation is the result of one of two possibilities. Perhaps people who process more quickly accumulate more information, or processing speed and intelligence share an underlying genetic influence. How is intelligence determined, and then given a numerical value? Tests are made by psychologists, but what makes the tests themselves credible? The whole idea of testing intelli gence came about around the same time that France made it mandatory for children to attend school.To know what children needed special schooling, a test to determine mental age was created by Binet. Mental age is the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance, typically associated with a certain chronological age. For example, an average seven year old would have a mental age of seven, but if a seven year old is above average he/she may have a mental age of eight or above. The test created to determine mental age is referred to today as the Stanford-Binet, it is the American revision of the original intelligence test.Using the mental age a person's intelligence quotient(I. Q. ) can be determined. I. Q. Is the ratio of mental age to chronological age all multiplied by 100. There are two main types of modern tests to test mental abilities, and they are achievement tests and aptitude tests. Achievement tests are designed to assess what a person ha s learned. Examples of achievement tests include course exams, intelligence tests, and driver's license exams. Aptitude tests are designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.Examples of aptitude tests are the S. A. T. and the A. C. T. What are the principles of intelligence test construction? To understand this we first need to understand standardization and the normal curve. Standardization is defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. The normal curve is the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. Next, we need to understand reliability and validity.It is very important to have reliability in standardized testing. Reliability is the extent to which a test gives consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, o r on retesting. High reliability does not promise a test's validity. Validity is the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. What are dynamics of human intelligence? They are about the stability over the life span of a person, and about the extremes of intelligence. As you age your intelligence can either increase or decrease, as it is all in your power.Intelligence in correlation with aging comes in three stages: Phase I: Cross-Sectional Evidence for intellectual decline, Phase II: Longitudinal Evidence for Intellectual Stability, and Phase III: It all Depends. Phase I concludes that the decline of mental ability with age is part of the general aging process of the organism as a whole. Phase II concluded that until late in life, intelligence remained stable, sometimes even increasing. For example, John Rock developed the birth control pill at age 70, and Frank Lloyd Wright designed N. Y. C. ‘s Guggenheim Museum at age 89!Phase III concluded a perso n's crystallized intelligence increases until you die, but a person's fluid intelligence decreases beginning shortly after the twenties and very rapidly after age 85. The correlation between intelligence and age all comes down to phase III†¦ it really does all depend! In conclusion, there are many factors when determining the levels of intelligence of human beings. Some of them are creativity, emotional intelligence, testing methods, age, and many more. Whether you are an American high school student, or a teenager in the Amazon rainforest determining intelligence is very much the same.

Immunology

Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY COURSE †¢ Subject Agenda* Theoretical part (Lecture): 14. 01—-18. 03—-22. 04. 2013 Practical part (Labwork) †¢ Study Materials: Textbook (David Male and Ivan Roitt-2006-DIR; Abul Abbas-2007AA), Clips and Internet search †¢ [email  protected] com. Pass: btiu12345 †¢ Evaluation – Midterm Exam, Final Exam, Labwork – Assignment (Home-work, Topic-oriented-In-class discussion, Readand-Present Practice) Contact me at: R501, IU Building; or via email: [email  protected] edu. vn NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Response- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invad ing organisms and our responses to them. Foreign macromolecule/ Antigen –— Immunogen: e. g. virus protein, worm, parasite Everything that should not be in my bodyImmune System: Molecules, cells, tissues and organs which provide nonspecific and specific protection against Microorganisms; Microbial toxins and Tumor cells Crucial to human survival NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 History of Immunology †¢ Experiential Immunology period †¢ Experimental Immunology period †¢ Modern Immunology period Immunology act as an independent subject (1970s) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 I. Experiential Immunology period (the 17th century- the middle of 19th century) In ancient times, many serious infection diseases, such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc, caused innumerable people dead.Plague !!! — Black Death Disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Story of Plague port of Weymouth. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 an d 1350, and killing between 75 million and 200 million people Wikipedia Yersinia pestis NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Figure 1. Photomicrographs demonstrating the high bacterial burden of Y pestis in various organs. Top left, A: Tissue Gram stain of a lymph node reveals the profusion of neutrophils and large clumps of Gram-negative coccobacilli characteristic of Y pestis (Brown-Hopps, original ? 00). Large clusters of bacteria (arrows) are found in the alveolar spaces (top right, B), adrenals (bottom left, C), and kidneys (bottom right, D) [hematoxylin-eosin, original ? 400]. Chmura et al. 2003, CHEST, Painful Lymphadenopathy and Fulminant Sepsis in a Previously Healthy 16-Year-Old Girl NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 ~ 430 B. C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague – the ones who had recovered from the disease could nurse the sick without getting the disease a second time NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 In 1670, Chinese medical practitioners : variolationEdward Jennar —-An English physi cian He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Vaccine- Vaccination Vaccine: A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants,that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections. Vaccination: A general term for immunization against infectious diseases,orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Why do they not want to play with my kids? NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 II.Experimental Immunology period (the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century) 1. Active immunity In the middle of 19th century R. Koch —-Isolated and cultured bacteria successfully Pasteur —-Infectious diseases were caused by pathogens In 1880, Pasteur —-Anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine (old culture of Chicken V. cholera) —-Artificial active immunity Robert Koch Active immunity: The form of a daptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 . Passive immunity In the late eighties of 19th century Roux and Yersin: Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C. diphtheriae The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericindins Antitoxin—-Antibody (Ab); Exotoxin—-Antigen (Ag) Study on reaction of Ag and Ab in vitro —-Serology In 1890,Von Behring and Kitasato —-diphtheriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria —- Artificial passive immunity Passive immunity: The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen.NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 3. Mechanism of protective immunity Cell mediated immunity(CMI) —–1883-1884, Metchnikoff: Microorganisms were engulfed an d destroyed by phagocytic cells Humoral immunity(HI) —-1897,Ehrlich: Ab in serum played important roles in protective immunity Both HI and CMI were very important for protective immunity, Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells —- 1903, Wright & Douglas 4. Study on immune-pathology & immune disease In 1902, Richet and Portier—-Anaphylaxis Pirquet and Shick—-Hypersensitivity In 1903,Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon In 1906, Pirquet —- Allergy In 1907, Donath and Landsteiner —-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 5. Study on antigen In the early of 20th century, Landsteiner studied on antigenic determinant (epitope) —-ABO blood type 6. Study on immunochemistry In 1938,Tiselius and Kabat —-Ab is ? globulin In the fifties of 20th century, Porter and Edelmen, —-Molecular structure of Ab: 4 peptides 7. Study on immune tolerance: No positive response to specific Ag In 1945, Oven fou nd natural immune tolerance In 1953, Medawar set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period. . Hypothesis for Ab formation Templates postulate (1930,Breinl and Haurowitz) Variable folding postulate (1940,Pauling) Natural selection postulate (1955,Jerne) Clonal selection theory (1959, Burnet):- Clone: a group cells that stem from identical cell NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 III. Modern Immunology period (the middle of 20th century-the 21th century) 1. Study on immune system In 1957, Glick Fabricius found out that Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab —-B cell In 1961,Good and Miller —- Cell mediated immune of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective —-T cell 2.Study on monoclonal antibody —-In 1975, Kohler and Milstein 3. Study on immune genetics —-In 1978, genetic control of antibody diversity —-Discovery of accurate mechanism of immune response on gene level (MHC, TCR , BCR) 4. Study on molecular mechanism of T/B lymphocyte activation and signal transduction 5. Study on effective mechanism of immune cells NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 6. Study on clinical immunology Organ transplantation; Autoimmune disease; Tumor immunology; Infectious diseases 7.Study on applied immunology Preparation of monoclonal antibody and genetic engineering antibody; Preparation of recombinant cytokines; Study on DNA vaccine; Study on treatment with immune cells 8. New techniques of modern immunology and application Separation of immune cells; Protein analysis technique; Phage display technique; Preparation of new animal model NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The immune system Immune system Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) †¢Physological barriers (temperature, pH) †¢Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) †¢Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) †¢Antigen specificity †¢Di versity †¢Immunological memory †¢Self/nonself recognition NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Our immune systems generate an almost infinite variety of cells and substances Foreign Recognition Memory Upon 2 ° exposure produces enhanced response Effector Response To eliminate or neutralize particle *In some cases, the IR fails to function; at other times, the IR can turn on its hostNTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 B cells Surface bound antibody Antibody secreting B cell Antigen B-cell Soluble antibodies, circculate in the body NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Antibody secreting B cell B-cell Virus killed NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Discussion Topics 1. Why do warm-blooded, long-lived animals require particularly complex immune defense? – p4-DIR 2. Why would removal of Ag lead to the decline in an immune response? – p14-DIR And many more to explore in the DIR textbookHome works P18-DIR NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The real o nes Crawling Macrophage Neutrophil and DCs NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup †¢ What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Respone- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration Read DIR-page 1-18 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Once upon a time†¦ There was a WARGAMES OF THRONES- MATTER OF â€Å"LIVE OR DIE† HAS IT ALREADY ENDED? NO, IT IS JUST A BEGINNING†¦ NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013